METRICS & ITERATION · LESSON 06.01beginner

Leading vs lagging indicators.

Lagging tells you what happened. Leading tells you what's coming.

↳ tl;dr

Lagging indicators measure outcomes (revenue, retention, NPS). Leading indicators measure inputs that predict those outcomes (signups, activation, time-to-value). Lagging is what sponsors ask about. Leading is what you act on.

Why both

Lagging indicators are the truth — they tell you what actually happened. But they're too late to change. By the time revenue drops, the trend started months ago. Leading indicators give you a chance to intervene while there's still room.

Examples

DomainLaggingLeading
SaaSRevenue, retention, NPSActivation rate, weekly active, NPS-driver questions
ConstructionProject finished on date/budgetWeekly schedule variance, supplier delivery rate
Healthcare PMPatient outcomesAdherence, readmission rate, ED throughput

the most common metrics failure

Reporting only lagging indicators to leadership and acting on them. By the time the lagging signal moves, the team is already 90 days behind. Healthy teams report both — and use the leading indicators to predict and intervene.

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Sources cited

  1. [01]
    Lean Analytics: Use Data to Build a Better Startup Faster

    Croll, A. & Yoskovitz, B. · O'Reilly Media · 2013 · retrieved 2026-05

    Defines actionable vs vanity metrics and the One Metric That Matters.

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Further reading

  1. [01]
    Lean Analytics: Use Data to Build a Better Startup Faster

    Croll, A. & Yoskovitz, B. · O'Reilly Media · 2013 · retrieved 2026-05

    Defines actionable vs vanity metrics and the One Metric That Matters.